Давид не Храму поклонялся, а по направлению к Храму, потому что он верил, что в Храме обитает Бог (и так оно и было).

В переводе Огиенко сказано так: "А я в ласці великій Твоїй до дому Твого ввійду, до Храму святого Твого вклонюся в страху Твоїм" (Пс.5:8).

Вот, как об это место приводится в других переводах:

New International Version (©1984)
But I, by your great mercy, will come into your house; in reverence will I bow down
toward your holy temple.

New Living Translation (©2007)
Because of your unfailing love, I can enter your house; I will worship
at yourTemple with deepest awe.

English Standard Version (©2001)
But I, through the abundance of your steadfast love, will enter your house. I will bow down
toward your holy temple in the fear of you.

New American Standard Bible (©1995)
But as for me, by Your abundant lovingkindness I will enter Your house,
At Your holy temple I will bow in reverence for You.

GOD'S WORD® Translation (©1995)
But I will enter your house because of your great mercy. Out of reverence for you, I will bow
toward your holy temple.

King James Bible
But as for me, I will come [into] thy house in the multitude of thy mercy: [and] in thy fear will I worship
toward thy holy temple.

American King James Version
But as for me, I will come into your house in the multitude of your mercy: and in your fear will I worship
toward your holy temple.

American Standard Version
But as for me, in the abundance of thy lovingkindness will I come into thy house: In thy fear will I worship
toward thy holy temple.

Douay-Rheims Bible
But as for me in the multitude of thy mercy, I will come into thy house; I will worship
towards thy holy temple, in thy fear.

Darby Bible Translation
But as for me, in the greatness of thy loving-kindness will I enter thy house; I will bow down
toward the temple of thy holiness in thy fear.

English Revised Version
But as for me, in the multitude of thy lovingkindness will I come into thy house: in thy fear will I worship
toward thy holy temple.

Webster's Bible Translation
But as for me, I will come into thy house in the multitude of thy mercy: and in thy fear will I worship
towards thy holy temple.

World English Bible
But as for me, in the abundance of your loving kindness I will come into your house. I will bow
toward your holy temple in reverence of you.

Young's Literal Translation
And I, in the abundance of Thy kindness, I enter Thy house, I bow myself
toward Thy holy temple in Thy fear.
В еврейском языке если глагол поклоняться управляется предлогом le, то это словосочетание переводится как "поклоняться кому-л." (подразумевается предмет поклонения). А в Пс. 5:8 стоит другой предлог: el. В этом случае это словосочетание можно перевести двояко: либо "поклоняться в направлении к", либо "поклоняться в, внутри" (в данном случае, внутри храма). Точно такая же конструкция используется и в Пс.137:2.